Liquid coating composition and method of preparing the same



Patented Feb, 14, 1933 i l UNITED STATES-PATENT? OFFICE some A. wIL'soN,F ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY LIQUID COATING COMPOSITION AND METHOD orPREPARING THE SAME no Drawing. Application filed December as, 1929.Serial No. 417,264.

This invention relates to liquid coating heated until the oil iscompletely dissolved in compositions and more particularly to comthemelted gum, and I then dissolve this hot positions of this characterwhich contain a melted mixture in some suitable solvent such drying oil.as xylol, toluol, etc. either with or without the; I. It has heretoforebeen proposed to employ addition of naphtha or turpentine. Thissothickened, blown, or partially oxidized drylution, when cool, is themsuitable for use as a ing oils as ingredients of paints, varnishes basefor making a primer, or for other purand the like, and it has also beenproposed to poses, and such a composition when applied utilize certaindrying oils such as China wood to the surface to be coated will requirefor; 5 I 10 oil, polymerized and thickened by the applihardening only alength of time sufficient for cation of heat. the drying out of thesolvent. .When the As distinguished from partially oxidized solvent hasevaporated a true oil base film or polymerized oils, I propose to useoils remains. which have been completely oxidized to a sub- Ifind inpractice that the process of com-r 1 15 stantially solid state, and to acondition in bining the oxidized oil with the gum and which they are nolonger soluble in the ord1- solvent can befacilitated by first reducingnary solvents which are normally capable of the oxidized oil to a stateof fine subdivision dissolving the oils. as for example by passing itthrough a mill or As is well known, the drying or hardening chopper ofthe meat grinder type. When 29 of films of oil paints and the like, ascomthus prepared, I find that good results can monly employed, is due tothe oxidation of be obtained by the use of equal parts of the thelinseed or similar drying oil which they oxidized oil and rosin. Whencertain other contain. This oxidation process, even where gums areemployed a somewhat larger pro boiled oils, mixed with a drier, areused, reportion is required.

5 quires considerable time, and it is usually a It will of course beunderstood that in the matter of days before such a film of oil paintcommercial preparation of my improved completely loses its tackiness anddust catchcoating compositions, the properties of this ing properties.One of the objects of the base may be modified as required, by thepresent invention, therefore, is to provide an addition of othermaterials such as gums,;-

30 oil base coating composition which will dry resins, oils and anydesired pigments, the

or harden quickly. To this end I propose to latter being preferablyincorporated by utilize, as above stated, a completely oxidizedgrinding, and I find that the larger the prooil, so that, when thecoating is applied, there portion of oxidized oil and pigments, the isno appreciable further oxidation of such greater the durability of thefilm.

35 oil, but the drying andL hardening ofthe film According to anothermethod, I find that takes place rapidly as a result of the evapora oilsoxidized to a point where they are not tion of the solvents. soluble inany of the ordinary solvents, may

In carrying out the invention Imay employ be dissolved, under theinfluence of heat, in any of the well known drying oils, such forcertain fatty acids. Thus, completely oxi'-;

0 example as linseed oil, China wood oil, or the dized linseed or Chinawood oil can be dislike. solved in linoleic acid at a temperature ofAccording to one method I proceed as fol about 600 F., and atatmospheric pressure. lows. I take a suitable quantity of com- I furtherfind that plain unoxidized linseed pletely oxidized oil in asubstantially solid oil may be employed instead of linoleic acid,

5 condition similar to that known as skins, if the percentage of thisacid present in this in which condition the oil is not soluble in oil issufficiently high. any of the ordinary solvents such as turpen- Theproduct resulting from the solution of tine, naphtha, xylol, etc. I addto this oil a completely oxidized oils in linoleic acid, or in suitableproportion of gum such as rosin, oils containing this acid is of asomewhat damar or the like. This mixture is then thick and tacky nature.It may, however, be

readily cut or thinned to the desired con sistency by means of any ofthe usual solvents such as solvent naphtha, turpentine, etc. and

4 may have added to it any desired gum, resin,

pigment or drier, to modify its properties as required. The materialprepared in this way constitutes a highly useful liquid coatingcomposition which can advantageously be employed as a base for primers,surfacers, varnishes and enamels.

It will, of course, be understood that when the composition containsunoxidized oil or linoleic acid, as above set forth, it does not dry asrapidly as the material first described, but the drying or completeoxidation of the film can be hastened by heating or baking the coatedarticles.

According to still another method of utilizing the completely oxidizedoil, I first preferably chop it up by passing through a mill of the meatgrinder type and then subject it to a prolonged grinding in a pebble orsimilar mill, in the presence of a suitable liquid vehicle, with orwithout the addition of a gum. As examples of liquid vehicles which maybe thus employed I may mention benzol, toluol, 'xylol, solvent naphtha,petroleum naphtha, turpentine, etc., or mixtures of these, as well assuch solvents as acetone, ethyl acetate, etc. It is possible that themixture which results from the above mentioned grinding of the oil inthe presence of these liquid vehicles is in the nature of a colloidalsolution. 7

I find that it is possible to produce by this pebble mill method amixture of the completely oxidized oil with a suitable vehicle such asturpentine, which mixture can, by properly proportionmg the ingredients,be made to have a thick creamy consistency similar to that of theso-called liquid wax so largely used for rubbing. and polishing woodenand other articles. Furthermore, while, when lacquer applied over anundercoat of ordinary wax will not dry properly, if at all, I find thatmy improved oil base product of waxy consistency has no effect on thelacquer. It will of course be understood that when preparing my improvedwaxy product, small quantities of gums or resins such as rosin, estergum, damar, shellac or synthetic gums may be added, if desired, in orderto insure against any possibility of tackiness. These may be dissolvedin their respective solvents and then mixed with the oil basecomposition, or they may be introduced into the pebble mill pigments maybe added to the batch of material in the pebble mill if. desired toproduce a colored product. It .will be noted that this grinding processof incorporating completely oxidized oils with a liquid vehicle is acold process, requiring no heat.

-What I claim is:

1. A liquid coating composition comprising a drying oil completelyoxidized to a dry substantially solid state, combined with a gum of thegroup consisting of rosin and damar to form a true solution, and furtherdissolved in a suitable volatile solvent.

2. A liquid coating composition comprising a drying oil completelyoxidized to a point where it is no longer soluble in any solventnormally capable of dissolving the oil, an organic acid material of thegroup consisting of abietic and linoleic acids, and a volatile solvent.

3. The method of preparing a coating composition which comprisescompletely oxidizing a drying oil to a condition in which it is nolonger soluble in the ordinary solvents capable of dissolving the oil,andthen combining said oxidized oil under the influenceof heat with asoluble gum of the group consisting of rosin and damar, and adding oneof such solvents to the mixture.

4. The method ofpreparing a liquid coating composition which comprisescompletely" oxidizing a drying oil to a condition in which it is nolonger soluble in theordinarysolvents capable of dissolving the oil,combining said oxidized oil by heating with an organic acid material ofthe group consisting of abietic and linoleic acid, and then dissolvingthe combination in one of said solvents.

5. The method of bringing into solution a drying oil oxidized to acondition in which it is no longer soluble in the ordinary solvents,-which method comprises mixing with such oxidized oil a gum of .the groupconsisting of rosin and damar, heating the mixture above the meltingpoint of suchgum, and then dissolving the melted mixture in one of saidsolvents.

6. The method of manufacturing a liquid coating composition whichcomprises completely oxidizing a drying oil to a substantially solidstate, bringing such oil into solu-' JOHN A. WILSON.

along with the oxidized oils and ground together. Furthermore, suitablequantities of

